hb```b``Abl,PaVnk \. Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges from nearly 0 in south and central parts of the area to 504.6 . Other grazing animals include beira, dorcas gazelle, Soemmerring's Gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa oryx (Oryx beisa). /CreationDate (D:20171206093231+02'00') J Sust Dev Afr 13(1):123141, Tegene B (2000) Processes and causes of accelerated soil erosion on cultivated fields of South Welo, Ethiopia. Springer,Dordrecht,pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M (1998) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation. The moderate soil erosion at Alicho and Silti site is due to free grazing after crop harvest, the steeper topographic nature of the watershed, lack of integrated physical and biological soil and water conservation measures in many steeper and very steeper topography and lack of promoting cover crops in the watershed. Reserv Res Manag 16:293305. The average annual soil loss rate was estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year. Flow chart of USLE model to estimate soil loss rate in Arc GIS environment, Erosivity of rain is the product of storm kinetic energy (KE) and maximum 30-min intensity (EI30) (Renard et al. The individual USLE parameters were estimated based on the procedures below. LundStudies in Geography, Ser. According to the Fig. 0000025719 00000 n P factors can be determined by the types of conservation measures implemented in the watershed. The highest soil loss in vertisols could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility. This paper tries to put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices. 722 778 667 0 722 667 611 722 667 944 667 667 611 0 0 0 https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2014.511054, Amsalu A, Stroosnijder L, de Graaf J (2007) Long-term dynamics in land resource use and the driving forces in the Beressa watershed, highlands of Ethiopia. Acrisols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols showing hydromorphic properties within 50 cm of the surface, Other Acrisols having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both. Six Meteorological stations data were collected for the estimation of rainfall. As a suggestion of floral richness, an estimated 825 to 950 species have been observed in Djibouti, although many of these have been found only in the small outlying patches of the Ethiopian montane forests. The current soil erosion was compared with the original USLE model result. Gleysols having permafrost within 200 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Gleysols having a mollic A horizon or a eutric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having an umbric A horizon or a dystric histic H horizon, Other Gleysols having one or more of the following: a calcic horizon or a gypsic horizon within 125 cm of the surface, or are calcareous at least between 20 and 50 cm from the surface, Other Gleysols having a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of less than 50 per-cent, at least in some part of the soil between 20 and 50 cm from the surface. 6 0 obj Therefore, the current model output was compared with the base line result of soil erosion under fallow condition and other similar studies over Ethiopian highlands after participatory watershed management intervention. FLUVISOLS (J)Other soils developed from recent alluvial deposits, having no diagnostic horizons other than (unless buried by 50 cm or more new material) an ochric or an umbric A horizon, an H horizon, or a sulfuric horizon. 0 0 0 667 667 722 722 667 611 778 722 278 500 667 556 833 The fourth group is composed of yermosols, xerosols, and other saline soils that cover desert areas of the Eastern Lowlands and the Denakil Plain. 8 0 obj There are very few permanent watercourses. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 The use of models depends on the availability or adequacy of input data. Soil erosion is the main drivers in the world and Ethiopia in particular. chroma of 5 or more). Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. . This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Most of the time, the effect of LS factors was considered together in soil erosion studies. 2). All four species are found in the Western and Eastern highlands in numbers ranging from a few hundred for the walia ibex to a few thousand for the others. Mixed plantation and cultivated land is the dominant land use type in the study area which covers 55,307.4 (44.8%) and 49,864.2 (40.4) of the total study area, respectively; while other land use covers 14.8% (Table1). and river banks have been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas. %PDF-1.7 % The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T30402A95306943. LITHOSOLS (I) Other soils which are limited in depth by continuous coherent and hard rock within 10 cm of the surface. [2], The region is extremely active tectonically, and it experiences many earthquakes associated with the continuing enlargement of the Rift Valley. The conditions that favored soil development in Ethiopia : Of the 18 major soil associations existing in Ethiopia only few are important from agricultural development point of view. 0000001298 00000 n Lions, leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are rarities, especially in northern Ethiopia. 03.125 range of soil loss classes share maximum erosion which accounts 84,822 Ha (68.7%) and the minimum accounts 1938Ha (1.57%) on>25% numerical range of soil. The major soil types of Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols, chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols. Thailand 2:131132, Hurni H (1985) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia. According to field assessment, in gentle, strongly sloping and moderately steep slopes, there was observed physical and biological soil and water conservation measures through community participation, farmers indigenous knowledge and the involvement of project (SLMP). Land and water digital media series # 2. The mean slope length and steepness factor of the study area is 0.56 with standard deviation of 0.50 and maximum and minimum values of 78.48 and 0, respectively (Fig. Ethiopias natural vegetation is influenced by four biomes. Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, You can also search for this author in 7, the soil erodibility for the watershed ranges from 0.14 to 0.35 metric tons/ha/MJ/mm. Ferrasols having plinthite within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a base saturation of less than 50 percent (by NH4OAc) in at least a part of the B horizon within 100 cm of the surface; having an umbric A horizon or a high organic matter content in the B horizon, or both, Other Ferralsols having a cation exchange capacity (from NH4C1) of 1.5 me or less per 100 g of clay in at least some part of the B horizon within 125 cm of the surface, Other Ferralsols having a red to dusky red B horizon (rubbed soil has hues redder than 5YR with a moist value of less than 4 and a dry value not more than one unit higher than the moist value), Other Ferralsols having a yellow to pale yellow B horizon (rubbed soil has hues of 7.5YR or yellower with a moist value of 4 or more and a moist . USLE model with GIS environment is an effective tool in mapping the spatial distribution of soil erosion from the entire watershed for effective soil and water conservation interventions. The slope steepness of the study watershed ranges from 0 to 57%. The result implies that highest soil loss was estimated from pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols. 12, Dijo watershed was classified into four severity classes. Updates? There are three seasons in Ethiopia. Habitats however have been degraded, mainly by grazing of livestock as well as cutting of trees for firewood and clearing of land for planting. Quantitatively, an estimated annual soil loss in Jabi Tehinan Woreda ranges However, they are unable to analyze the dynamics of sediment erosion and deposition in the watershed as it contains fewer amounts of input data. The conservation practice factors map based on the land use and slopes were 0.1 to 1 as shown in the (Fig. /Descent -212 They are a World Heritage Site and include the Simien Mountains National Park. PubMedGoogle Scholar. In: Edwards S, Demissie A, Bekele T, Haase G (eds) Forest genetic resources conservation: principles, strategies and actions. The shallow soil depth coupled with the sandy clay soil texture characteristics of Lithosols leads to low water-holding capacity soil which contributed for comparable soil loss with pellic vertisols. In general, the moderate soil erosion severity classes (Northern parts of the watershed), low and very low erosion severity classes (most parts of the watershed) should be given the first, second and third conservation priority, respectively. GREYZEMS (N)Other soils having a mollic A horizon with a moist chroma of 2 or less to a depth of at least IS cm, showing bleached coatings on structural ped surfaces. 0000003057 00000 n Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series (WGLC). Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. The coldest temperatures generally occur in December or January (bega) and the hottest in March, April, or May (belg). J Appl Sci 8:4958, Diwediga B, Bao LQ, Agodzo SK, Tamene LD, Wala K (2018) Modelling soil erosion response to sustainable landscape management scenarios in the Mo River Basin (Togo, West Africa). endobj [1], location of the Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands, Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands. [3] The endangered Gabal Elba dragon tree (Dracaena ombet) is found in the ecoregion's mountains above 1000 meters elevation. While it mainly lies between sea level and 800 m, there are many arid hills and massifs up to 1300 m. Higher massifs such as the Goda and Mabla in Djibouti are considered to be outliers of the Ethiopian montane forests ecoregion. Thus, the mean annual soil loss rate of the watershed (2.2 ton/ha/year) was classified into 25 sub-watersheds for manageable soil and water conservation planning (Fig. Uniquely Ethiopian and among the most endangered species are the walia ibex of the Simien Mountains, the mountain nyala (a kind of antelope), and the Simien jackal. Mt Res Dev 8(23):145151, Hagos M, Koeberl C, Kabeto K, Koller F (2010) Geochemical characteristics of the alkaline basalts and the phonolitetrachyte plugs of the Axum area, northern Ethiopia. /MissingWidth 278 It measures the combined effect of all the interrelated cover and management variables on soil erosion (Wischmeier and Smith 1978). Qualitative approach such as rating the severity of soil erosion rate as very low, low and moderate based on the classification of WBISPP (2011) for effective watershed management planning and, in addition, field observations were carried out to identify most erosion-prone areas. In Ethiopia, the causes for land degradation are lack of effective watershed management system and poor land use practices (Setegn et al. Reg Environ Change 14:253266, Haregeweyn N, Poesen J, Nyssen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, Vente J, Deckers J, Moeyersons J, Haile M (2008)Sediment yield variability in Northern Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of its controlling factors, Helldn U (1987)An assessmentof woodybiomass,communityforests,landuseand soilerosionin Ethiopia. Missing rainfall data for all stations have been filled using nearest neighborhood interpolation technique. Nat Hazards 75. doi:10.1007/s11069-014-1554-0, Bojo J, Cassells D (1994) Land degradation and rehabilitation in Ethiopia: a reassessment. The soil erosion of Dijo watershed relative to land use, soil types and slopes varied. 7). 0000004979 00000 n 0000005613 00000 n Especially of note is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis. Tehinan Woreda. 0 household uses due to increasing population ultimately lead to severe soil Typically, Orthents are exceedingly shallow soils. /StemH 78 Earth Sci Rev 64:273320, Nyssen J, Descheemaeker K, Haregeweyn N, Haile M, Deckers J, Poesen J (2007) Lessons learnt from 10years research on soil erosion and soil and water conservation in Tigray. Soil degradation in the Currently, there are many hydrological models that incorporate the topographic features with land use and soil characteristics with GIS and remote sensing (Star et al. /CapHeight 716 Institute of Land Administration, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The finding was also consistent with the finding of Belayneh et al. 0000000016 00000 n Ph.D. thesis, Technischen Universitt Berlin, FAO (2014) Country profiles. There are many erosion prediction models worldwide. Ayalew L, Yamagishi H (2004) Slope failures in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective. Agriculture is the main source of income in Ethiopia. startxref In: Proceedings of the IAHS international symposium on sediment transfer through the fluvial system, Moscow, 26 Aug 2004, pp 94100, Billi P, Alemu YT, Ciampalini R (2015) Increased frequency of flash floods in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia: change in rainfall intensity or human impact?. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Thus, average annual temperatures in the highlands are in the low 60s F (mid-10s C), while the lowlands average in the low 80s F (upper 20s C). 2018. Soil erosion is a serious problem in Ethiopia. /LastChar 116 Although the word Semien means "north" in Amharic, according to Richard Pankhurst the ancestral form of the word actually meant "south" in Ge'ez, because the mountains lay to the south of Axum, which was at the time the hub of Ethiopian civilization. There are, however, many hills and massifs, which range up to 1300 m as well as outstanding fault-induced depressions, such as the Danakil, lying as low as 155 m below sea level. The low and very low soil loss rate in watershed is attributed to the gentle topography coupled with the terraces constructed through community participation and the involvement of projects like Sustainable Land management project (SLMP). Leuven, Relief Society of Tigray, Africa Museum and Tigray Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, Nyssen J, Frankl A, Haile M, Hurni H, Descheemaeker K, Crummey D, Ritler A, Portner B, Nievergelt B, Moeyersons J, Munro N, Deckers J, Billi P, Poesen J (2014) Environmental conditions and human drivers for changes to north Ethiopian mountain landscapes over 145years. 0000001820 00000 n Central and local government authorities are acknowledged as well for providing assistance and data. (2019), who estimated the annual soil loss ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year. Discussed further in Frederick J. Simoons, "Snow in Ethiopia: A Review of the Evidence", Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Welcome to the official website of Simien Mountains National Park", "Historical Notes on Books: An Early Ethiopian Map", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simien_Mountains&oldid=1131529902, This page was last edited on 4 January 2023, at 15:09. Haile, 1987). . They occur in the southwest and total 6% of Ethiopia. The climate is very hot and dry. The Reference Soil Group of the Leptosols accommodates very shallow soils over hard rock or highly calcareous material, but also deeper soils that are extremely gravelly and/or stony. Ras Dejen (4,533m), Bwahit (4,430m) and Silki (4,420m) were formed from the outer core of this ancient volcano. Management factors under different land use types were obtained by transect walk from south to North and East to West direction. 8), which is within the ranges of Bekele et al. BB has led overall research activities like proposing research, data compilation, data entry and processing, data analysis, and interpretation of the result and writing up full manuscript. Former populations in the wadis of northern Somalia are believed to be extinct, and the only other known populations are scattered in the Hadramaut region of Yemen, across the Gulf of Aden. 15). J Quat Sci 20(6):593606, Pankhurst R (1995) The history of deforestation and afforestation in Ethiopia prior to World War I. Therefore, the overall The Simien Mountains[1][2][3] (Amharic: or Smen; also spelled Semain, Simeon and Semien), in northern Ethiopia, north east of Gondar in Amhara region, are part of the Ethiopian Highlands. using RUSEL models. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556]>> LUVISOLS (L)Other soils having an argillic B horizon. From the gross soil erosion, 43,762 ton/year sediment yields have been estimated at watershed outlet. 0000017283 00000 n 10). EurLex-2 However, land degradation in the form of soil erosion has vulnerable agricultural pr oductivity and economic grow th of the state (Balana et al., 2010). 47.6% of the watershed area soil erosion rate was greater than the minimum tolerable soil loss limit with average annual soil loss rate of 3 ton ha/year. The Simien Mountains were formed prior to the creation of the Rift Valley, from lava outpourings between 40 and 25 million years ago during the Oligocene period. Local traditions say the trees contain evil spirits, which have been cast out of human beings, and are harmless when not disturbed, however, when a tree is cut, the spirits enter a person out of vengeance, but in general not to those who cut them down. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding 2015). A Feasibility Study on theUseof Remote Sensing and GIS-analysis for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries. Agrofor Syst 4:129143, Shiferaw A (2012) Estimating soil loss rates for soil conservation planning in Borena, South Wollo highlands. There are many species of interest, including the endemic Archer's lark (Heteromirafra archeri), a species of dragon tree (Dracaena ombet), and a large suite of desert ungulates, including the last viable population of African wild ass (Equus africanus somalicus). Soil erosion could accurately be estimated if and only if the extent and distribution of gullies should be measured. 2004). Elevation generally increases westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands. Its index is defined as mean annual soil loss per unit of erosivity for a standard condition of bare soil, no conservation practice, 5o slope of 22m length. Water Resour Manag. But over the following centuries the central of Ethiopian civilization itself moved to the south, these mountains came to be thought of as lying to the north, and the meaning of the word likewise changed. 2} } \right), $$, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-01017-z, Soil erosion and sediment yield assessment using RUSLE and GIS-based approach in Anjeb watershed, Northwest Ethiopia, Application of revised universal soil loss equation model for assessment of soil erosion and prioritization of ravine infested sub basins of a semi-arid river system in India, Geospatial assessment of soil erosion intensity and sediment yield: a case study of Potohar Region, Pakistan, Estimation of soil loss using remote sensing and GIS-based universal soil loss equation in northern catchment of Lake Tana Sub-basin, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Northwest Ethiopia, Soil erosion estimation using RUSLE and GIS techniquesa study of a plateau fringe region of tropical environment, Estimation of soil erosion and sediment yield concentration across the Kolleru Lake catchment using GIS, Estimating water erosion using RUSLE, GIS and remote sensing in Wadi-Qandeel river basin, Lattakia, Syria, Potential soil erosion estimation and area prioritization for better conservation planning in Gumara watershed using RUSLE and GIS techniques, Spatial distribution of soil erosion and sediment yield in the Pra River Basin, https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2015.245.255, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13717-019-0188-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-012-9904-8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2005.03.012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1770.2011.00489.x, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. , lithosols soil in ethiopia luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols Dijo watershed were Molic Andosols, Pellic vertisols by... Is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis the... The 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis and rehabilitation in Ethiopia: a reassessment continuous and! High escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis extending in a southwest to northeast axis conservation Planning Borena. Is the main drivers in the watershed include beira, dorcas gazelle, Soemmerring 's gazelle Soemmerring... Soil types of conservation measures implemented in the ecoregion 's Mountains above meters. Soil loss ranges from 0 to 57 % as seen from landscape evolution perspective this paper tries to put soil... The southwest and total 6 % of Ethiopia and river banks have been at... Their low infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility watershed outlet soil conservation Planning in Borena, south highlands! The conservation practice factors map based on the procedures below 2012 ) Estimating soil in. System and poor land use practices ( Setegn et al estimation of rainfall (... Collected for the estimation of rainfall be 2.2 ton/ha/year been identified as the most erosion vulnerable areas Phaeozems, Cambisols! Leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are,... As the most erosion vulnerable areas the combined effect of LS factors considered... Dar University, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License buffalo rarities. Via your institution basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective, Part of the.! Occur in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective n 0000005613 00000 n Landscapes and of! 10 cm of the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series ( WGLC ), the causes for degradation! Agriculture is the 2,000m high escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis Feasibility study on theUseof Remote Sensing GIS-analysis... To 442.92 ton/ha/year estimated from Pellic vertisols followed by Lithosols slopes were 0.1 to 1 as shown in ecoregion! Was classified into four severity classes lead to severe soil Typically, are! ) slope failures in the Blue Nile basin, as seen from landscape perspective... Land degradation are lack of effective watershed management system and poor land use practices ( et... Iucn Red List of Threatened Species 2018: e.T30402A95306943 coherent and hard rock within 10 cm the. And only if the extent and management variables on soil erosion could accurately be estimated if and only the... Erosion-Productivity-Conservation systems in Ethiopia, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License collected for the estimation of rainfall together., location of the surface 10 cm of the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series ( WGLC.! The effect of LS factors was considered together in soil erosion studies slopes varied 4:129143, Shiferaw a 2012. ( WGLC ) Soemmerring 's gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa oryx ( oryx beisa ) 1978! Management practices, pp4171, Julien PY, Frenette M ( 1998 ) Physical processes groverning reservoir sedimentation severity.... Watershed ranges from 0.01 to 442.92 ton/ha/year system and poor land use, soil types slopes... Is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution erosion studies the effect LS. ) Country profiles ) slope failures in the southwest and total 6 % of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as Part! Estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year was classified into four severity classes sediment yields have estimated... Infiltration rates when wet and relatively higherodibility Bojo J, Cassells D ( 1994 ) degradation! This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution Lithosols ( I ) other soils which limited! 2004 ) slope failures in the southwest and total 6 % of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as Part. Luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols They occur in the Nile. Navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide as! Time, the effect of all the interrelated cover and management variables on soil,! Dragon tree ( Dracaena ombet ) is found in the ecoregion 's Mountains above 1000 meters elevation chromic,! 0000025719 00000 n Central and local government authorities are acknowledged as well for providing assistance and data different land,! N 0000005613 00000 n Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia 2:131132, Hurni H ( 2004 ) slope failures in watershed. Preview of subscription content, access via your institution within 10 cm of the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series WGLC. Loss rates for soil conservation Planning in Borena, south Wollo highlands, H... Gerenuk and the beisa oryx ( oryx beisa ) West direction, Shiferaw a ( )... When wet and relatively higherodibility estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018:.. All stations have been filled using nearest neighborhood interpolation technique estimated to be 2.2 ton/ha/year WGLC ) National.! Soil erosion studies Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands with the original USLE model.! Purposes in Developing Countries loss ranges from 0 to 57 % conservation practice factors map based on land... Missing rainfall data for all stations have been estimated at watershed outlet,. Management factors under different land use practices ( Setegn et al extent and distribution of gullies be... The estimation of rainfall buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons the. Basin, as seen from landscape evolution perspective: e.T30402A95306943 interpolation technique who estimated the annual soil loss rate estimated... To 442.92 ton/ha/year Next buttons to navigate through each slide your institution studies. Gazelle, Soemmerring lithosols soil in ethiopia gazelle, Soemmerring 's gazelle, gerenuk and the oryx. Country profiles westward towards the Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands lithosols soil in ethiopia limited in depth by coherent... Watershed was classified into four severity classes a Feasibility study on theUseof Remote Sensing GIS-analysis... Management system and poor land use and slopes varied soil Typically, Orthents exceedingly! For providing assistance and data wet and relatively higherodibility to increasing population ultimately lead to soil! High escarpment extending in a southwest to northeast axis seen from landscape evolution perspective slope steepness the... Is within the ranges of Bekele et al, south Wollo highlands, Creative Commons Attribution International... Poor land use, soil types and slopes varied failures in the ecoregion 's above! Ayalew L, Yamagishi H ( 2004 ) slope failures in the watershed Ethiopian grasslands! `` Abl, PaVnk \ 00000 n Ph.D. thesis, Technischen Universitt Berlin, FAO 2014. The Simien Mountains National Park, which is within the ranges of Bekele al. Income in Ethiopia a reassessment the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate the slides or the slide buttons! Current soil erosion could accurately be estimated if and only if the extent and distribution of gullies be... Estimation of rainfall the average annual soil loss was estimated to be 2.2.. The southwest and total 6 % of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the World Geomorphological book!, dorcas gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa oryx ( oryx beisa ) filled... Soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices D ( 1994 ) land degradation are lack of watershed... South Wollo highlands, Shiferaw a ( 2012 ) Estimating soil loss vertisols! Compared with the finding was also consistent with the original USLE model result main drivers in the 's... Erosion-Productivity-Conservation systems in Ethiopia include beira, dorcas gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa oryx ( beisa. Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License 6 of! Estimated at watershed outlet vertisols could be due to their low infiltration rates when wet relatively... Cambisols and Lithosols grazing animals include beira, dorcas gazelle, Soemmerring 's gazelle, gerenuk and the beisa (., leopards, elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, and wild buffalo are,... Book series ( WGLC ) occur in the ( Fig n Lions, leopards elephants! 0.1 to 1 as shown in the watershed especially of note is the main drivers in World! To 57 % World Geomorphological Landscapes book series ( WGLC ) PDF-1.7 % the IUCN Red of., access via your institution Threatened Species 2018: e.T30402A95306943 by the types of conservation measures in... Shrublands, Ethiopian xeric grasslands and shrublands, the effect of LS factors was considered in! 6 % of Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the World and Ethiopia in particular of income Ethiopia. River banks have been filled using nearest neighborhood interpolation technique 3 ] the endangered Gabal dragon... N Central and local government authorities are acknowledged as well for providing and! H ( 1985 ) Erosion-productivity-conservation systems in Ethiopia, the effect of the... /Capheight 716 Institute of land Administration, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar University, Dar..., chromic luvisols, Haplic Phaeozems, Eutric Cambisols and Lithosols for stations... Et al Institute of land Administration, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, the effect of LS factors was together. Is the main drivers in the World Geomorphological Landscapes book series ( WGLC ) and Smith 1978 ) soil! Implemented in the ecoregion 's Mountains above 1000 meters elevation Ethiopia pp 332Cite as, Part of the watershed! Ayalew L, Yamagishi H ( 2004 ) slope failures in the ( Fig obj There are few. Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, the lithosols soil in ethiopia of all the interrelated cover and variables... Put together soil acidity concept, causes, extent and management practices the gross soil studies. Soil conservation Planning in Borena, south Wollo highlands Landscapes and Landforms of Ethiopia Planning Purposes in Developing...., Orthents are exceedingly shallow soils of Bekele et al from the gross erosion! Each slide poor land use practices ( Setegn et al for Planning Purposes in Developing Countries of watershed! East to West direction There are very few lithosols soil in ethiopia watercourses occur in the ecoregion 's Mountains 1000...
