We now have updated tsunami hazard area maps for all 20 of the state's coastal counties. Insurance can help provide funds after a tsunami, to help in reconstruction and replacement of damaged buildings, contents or other project components. Extre me Tsunami Evacuation Zone (XTEZ): If an earthquake happens in the Eastern Aleutian Islands with a magnitude 9.0 or greater, it would cause a rare, more extreme tsunami event that would result in much more extensive flooding throughout Oahu. Consider purchasing catastrophe insurance to cover potential losses on the project. This event followed the destructive earthquake and tsunami at Arica by only nine years. This means that there is more than a 10\% chance of a potentially-damaging tsunami occurring in the next 50 years. Mountain at the side of the Gulf of Cariaco was cleft (earthquake). The eruption caused tsunamis in Tonga and Fiji. As the wave traveled up Taan Fiord towards Icy Bay, surges along the, On 14 November 2016, a major earthquake struck the, On 17 June 2017, a 300m 1,100m (980ft 3,610ft) landslide fell approximately 1km (3,300ft) into Karrat Fjord in the, On 28 September 2018, a localized tsunami struck Palu, sweeping away homes and buildings on the coast in its way; the earthquake, tsunami and. And more locally, tsunami deposits found in the Canary island suggest waves in the past over 150 meters high! Inundation for Hihifo seems close to observation. In the area you have selected (The Bahamas) tsunami hazard is classified as medium according to the information that is currently available. This tsunami that crossed the Indian Ocean is an example of a teletsunami, which travels great distances across the open ocean, and an ocean-wide tsunami. The three types of tsunamis are: Local Tsunami-It is a type of tsunami that covers an area of 100km or less.The time duration of this tsunami is less than 1 hour or even in minutes. This was due in part to the absence of major tsunamis since August 1883 (the Krakatoa eruption, see above). http://shop.gns.cri.nz/sr_2012-017-pdf/, Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis On Wednesday 16 September 2015, a large earthquake measuring 8.3 on the Moment Magnitude scale struck the west coast of Chile, causing a tsunami up to 16 feet (4.9m) high along the Chilean coast. If natural hazards are not considered effectively in project siting, design, construction, and operation then the potential exists for partial or complete loss of the investment and exposing of the workforce to unnecessary risk. Some areas of the affected islands were exposed to the winds for 40 straight hours. These destructive surges of water are caused by underwater earthquakes. This was the most extreme tsunami event since 1960, says Borrero, referring to the 8.6-magnitude Chilean earthquake and tsunami that punished the Pacific, including the leveling of Hilo, Hawaii, 15 hours after the quake. On 17 February 1674, an earthquake triggered a landslide that generated waves of up to 100 metres (328ft) along the coast of Ambon Island, killing more than 2,000. The resulting water displacement caused 50 million cubic metres of water to overflow the dam in a megatsunami wave of 250 metres (820ft) high. Once caught in the raging waters, if the currents dont pull you under, the debris will finish the job. Energy & Commodities A major earthquake on 9 January 1693 was followed on 11 January 1693 by the most powerful earthquake in Italian history. On 15 November 2006, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake occurred off the coast near the Kuril Islands. On Saturday 17 October 2015, a large landslide occurred at the head of Taan Fiord, a finger of Icy Bay. Early warning is possible for most tsunami, but be aware that substantial and sustained investment is needed for early warnings to be effective, timely and reliable. On December 26, 2004, at 7:59 am local time, an undersea earthquake with a magnitude of 9.1 struck off the coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Comply with laws and regulations including land-use planning and flood management. The high tsunami risk in the area of your project means that you should consider specific risk transfer measures to protect the project. Fortunately, tsunamis are rare in the Caribbean due to the lack of subduction zones. [3], Researchers at the University of Cambridge recently carbon dated corals off the coast of Crete that were raised 10 metres and out of the water during the earthquake, indicating that the tsunami was generated by an earthquake on a pronounced fault in the Hellenic Trench. 4 tinU. This means that there is less than a 2% chance of potentially-damaging earthquake shaking in your project area in the next 50 years. Independent wireless communication such as VHF radio could also be considered. Tsunami and associated earthquakes can cause rupture of gas supplies and spillage of flammable materials. Take specific care and consult with local authorities as to the necessity and handling of toxic or flammable materials (especially fluids). It took 148 years for the population to return to pre-tsunami levels. The tsunami was expected to arrive on California's coastline between 7:30 and 8:00 am PST. Finance & Economics Public administration and services such as governance, banking and health may be disrupted due to either direct damage or diversion of resources. Stanley, Jean-Daniel & Jorstad, Thomas F. (2005): "Fault found for Mediterranean 'day of horror'. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. ", "Herodotus, The Histories, Book 8, chapter 129, section 1", "The Lost Cities of Ancient Helike: Principal Ancient Sources", "NOAA/WDS Global Historical Tsunami Database", "Revision of the tsunami catalogue affecting Turkish coasts and surrounding regions", "Turkey: S Coasts; Libya: Comments for the Earthquake Event", "South Coasts of Asia Minor: Comments for the Tsunami Event", "The 365 A.D. Tsunami Destruction of Alexandria, Egypt: Erosion, Deformation of Strata and Introduction of Allochthonous Material", "The 9 July 551 earthquake, Eastern Mediterranean Region", "A unique 4000 yrs long geological record of multiple tsunami inundations in the Augusta Bay (eastern Sicily, Italy)", "The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. Credits: NOAA On December 26, 2004, an earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, brought waves of up to 100 feet to coastal communities in the region, resulting in the deaths of over 200,000 people in 14 countries, making it one of the deadliest disasters in recorded history.On March 11, 2011, an earthquake off the coast of Tohoku, Japan, caused tsunami waves that . the Caribbean and adjacent regions has experienced in excess of 75 tsunamis over the last 500 . Despite the fact that tsunami warning . The tanks and fuel are often floating and possibly present as a direct hazard to the project. What is a Tsunami. The . Official: Bahamas storm damage more like a tsunami disaster. Cutting edge The tsunami that devastated the northwestern coast of Papua New Guinea on July 17, 1998, was generated by an earthquake that registered 7.0 on the Richter scale that apparently triggered a large underwater landslide. Free shipping for many products! On 11 June 1585, a moderate tsunami struck the Japanese coast of Sanriku. Tsunamis are just long waves really long waves. A 1918 magnitude 7.5 earthquake resulted in a tsunami that killed at least 40 people in northwestern Puerto Rico. The earthquake is not believed to have directly caused any deaths, but the resulting tsunami killed an estimated 12,000 people. The Category 5 hurricane arrived on the Grand Bahama and Abaco Islands last Sunday morning, with maximum sustained wind speeds of 298 kilometers per hour and gusts reaching beyond an astonishing 354 km/h. Venezuela. Further detailed information should be obtained to adequately account for the level of hazard. Communications, communication cables and energy networks often follow the roads and may cross waterways on bridges that are vulnerable to tsunami impact. The result was the creation of a tsunami warning system known as the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC), established in 1949 for the countries of Oceania. On 27 May 1293, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake and tsunami hit, A 2019 study attributes the event to a massive submarine landslide caused by the collapse of the flank of the, On 1 September 1420, a huge earthquake shook what is now the, The earthquake of 26 January 1531 was accompanied by a tsunami in the. 1530 09 01. We welcome any suggestions for improvements to the tool, including suggestions of data, recommendations, or resources to include. On 31 December 1881 a tsunami caused by an earthquake was recorded on all the coasts of the, Krakatoa, Sunda Strait, Netherlands East Indies, On 13 March 1888, a significant portion of Ritter Island collapsed into the sea, generating, On 15 June 1896, at around 19:32 local time, a large undersea earthquake off the coast of, On September 11, 1904, an tsunami occurs along the coastline of, On 31 January 1906 an earthquake caused a tsunami that killed 500 people in. Cumbre Vieja is the main volcano on the island of La Palma and has erupted recently causing large cracks to grow involving the significant motion of the western volcano flank. In 1994 a tsunami travelled 300 metres inland in the Onslow-Exmouth region of WA. Almost no injuries, because its such a difficult disaster to survive.. Consider planning for rapid re-instatement of these networks to the project. Consider which services are essential to maintain social and economic function of the project and the region during the months to years of post-event recovery. On September 29, 2009, a tsunami caused substantial damage and loss of life in American Samoa, Samoa, and Tonga. Station SPGF1 - Settlement Point, GBI, Bahamas. In cases of high hazard, there may be an obligation to develop or gain access to early warnings of impending tsunami arrival and to have evacuation plans in place to satisfy health and safety obligations. Minimize the volume of toxic or flammable materials (especially fluids) on site during construction and operation. ", 1741 eruption of Oshimashima and the Kampo tsunami, 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami, 1958 Lituya Bay, Alaska earthquake and megatsunami, Indonesian National Disaster Management Board, 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami, "A History of the Peloponnesian War", 3.89.15, "Hawaiian landslides have been catastrophic", "Kalaupapa Settlement Boundary Study. At this time, the tsunami was already arriving along Hawaii's coastline. Based on this information, the impact of tsunami should be considered in different phases of the project for any activities located near the coast. The epicenter was located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica, prompting initial fears of a tsunami, though those concerns have since passed. Fires may subsequently occur and spread on the water surface. [132][133], The deadliest tsunami in recorded history was the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which killed almost 230,000 people in fourteen countries including (listed in order of confirmed fatalities) Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Somalia, Myanmar, Maldives, Malaysia, Tanzania, Seychelles, Bangladesh, South Africa, Yemen and Kenya.[138]. Its more like the ocean turns into a white water river and floods everything in its path.. The United Nations and partner agencies say an estimated 76,000 people have been left homeless, and will need food, water, shelter and medicine. A large fire in Beirut also continued for almost two months. The wave traveled as far as, A mega-tsunami had a run of at least 16 metres (52ft) and traveled between 1.5 and 3.5km (0.9 and 2.2mi) inland from the ancient, A series of giant rocks and cobblestones have been found 14 metres (46ft) above mean sea level near, The Storegga Slides, 100 kilometres (62mi) northwest of the coast of, The tsunami may have been responsible for contemporary, The volcanic eruption in Santorini, Greece is supposed to have caused serious damage to the cities around it, most notably the, In the summer of 426 BC, a tsunami struck the gulf between the northwestern tip of, An earthquake and a tsunami destroyed the prosperous Greek city of. For these services: Discuss possible redundancy of services with the relevant infrastructure operators. For example, backup power generation with long term fuel supply could be considered. The sheer scale of the destruction was just mind-boggling.. Health Buildings folded like houses of cards, trees and cars were swept up in the oil-black rapids and virtually no one caught in the deluge survived. to 1900 A.D.", "Geoarchaeological Evidence of Middle-Age Tsunamis at Stromboli and Consequences for the Tsunami Hazard in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea", "Encuentran registros de megaterremoto ocurrido hace seis siglos en el norte de Chile", "Specification of a soon-to-occur seismic faulting in the Tokai District, central Japan, based on seismotectoncs", "Tsunami earthquake can occur elsewhere along the Japan TrenchHistorical and geological evidence for the 1677 earthquake and tsunami", "Field investigations of the Nankaido Tsunamis in 1707 and 1854 along the South-west coast of Shikoku", Hoel, Christer, "The Skafjell Rock Avalanche in 1731," fjords.com Retrieved 23 June 2020, "Volcanic origin of the 1741 Oshima-Oshima tsunami in the Japan Sea", "Boulder accumulations produced by the 20th of February, 1743 tsunami along the coast of southeastern Salento (Apulia region, Italy)", "The Opportunity of a Disaster: The Economic Impact of the 1755 Lisbon Earthquake. On 9 July 1956, 53 deaths occurred during the largest earthquake of the 20th century in Greece. On 10 February 1797, a massive earthquake estimated to be approximately 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale struck Sumatra in Indonesia. Erosive scour and some of the major damage due to debris impact has been observed to occur during the outflow of tsunami flooding. People from the low-lying atolls of Tokelau moved to higher ground as a precautionary measure. Borrero remembers coming upon a colossal freighter loaded with bags of cement that had been flipped on its back with its propeller in the air. The quake originated in a so-called megathrust fault, where heavy oceanic plates subduct beneath lighter continental plates. [104][105], A major eruption of Hunga Tonga, a volcanic island in Tonga in the Pacific Ocean, occurred on 15 January 2022. The tsunami also affected other islands such as New Caledonia and Vanuatu. If the project has supply guarantee deliverables, then the wider dependencies need to be robust to tsunami damage. Learn how your comment data is processed. This has caused speculation that this flank could collapse. glacier created massive tsunami, destroyed salmon habitat: study | Globalnews.ca", "A morning of large offshore earthquakes - what happened and future scenarios", "Tsunami waves hit New Zealand's coastline", "M 8.1 Earthquake and Tsunami in Kermadec Islands, New Zealand on 04 Mar 2021 19:28 UTC", "BMKG: Tsunami Due to Landslides Has Happened Several Times", "Update Gempa Maluku, BNPB Terus Monitor Dampak Gempa M 6,1", "M 7.8 99 km SSE of Perryville, Alaska", "M 8.2 Earthquake and Tsunami (2.6 m) in United States on 29 Jul 2021 06:15 UTC", Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System, "The 2021 South Sandwich Island Mw 8.2 Earthquake: A Slow Event Sandwiched Between Regular Ruptures", "Mixed earthquake signals in the South Sandwich Islands", "South Sandwich Islands Tsunami, August 12, 2021", "With a first unofficial report at hand (link below), I revisited my first tsunami simulation and compared it. While the last volcanic eruption in La Palma happened 30 years before Ward and Day's study was published in 2001, the island is of volcanic nature, and seismic activity is often considered normal. p. 17. Human translations with examples: *% 1 . Consider water flow, with potential entrained debris, coming from the sea-side of the project, along the shore, and from inland as the water recedes. On 11 March 2011, off the Pacific coast of Japan, a magnitude 9.1 earthquake produced a 33 feet (10m) high tsunami along the northeast coast of Japan. 10 worst tsunamis in history. In light of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, UNESCO and other world bodies called for an international tsunami monitoring system. The latest maps cover the counties of San Diego, Ventura, Santa Cruz, Marin, Sonoma, Napa, and Solano. Undertake evaluation of tsunami hazard and impact as part of project assessment. Eighteenth-century Europeans struggled to understand the disaster within religious and rational belief systems, and Enlightenment philosophers, notably Voltaire, wrote about the event. Velyrhorde {{ relativeTimeResolver(1665876277891) }} LIVE Tsunami travel times from La Palma to North America. [The Indian Ocean tsunami] came ashore in these places that had no natural warning either, because they were far enough away that they didnt feel any of the earthquake, says Borrero. If the project site is within a tsunami inundation zone undertake a cost-benefit study of the risk of loss of the investment, or the benefit provided by the additional cost of engineered protection systems such as sea walls. Consider whether local site conditions (nearshore bathymetry and topography) could amplify tsunami hazard. On 29 August 1741, the western side of the, On 20 February 1743, a magnitude 7.1 earthquake in the, Tens of thousands of Portuguese people who survived the. 1. Power cables across oceans and small waterways may come ashore in areas at risk of tsunami. Tsunamis occur most frequently in the Pacific Ocean as a result of the movement of the tectonic plates along the boundaries in the Pacific Ring of Fire which often trigger volcanic and seismic activities. Tsunamis can inflict severe damage to property and pose a threat to life in coastal communities. The Ministry of Health is pleased to announce that the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has de-escalated the COVID-19 Travel Risk Advisory Rating for The Bahamas to a Level 2 (moderate). An earthquake of intensity IX and an estimated magnitude of 6.7 caused a tsunami on the coasts of Portugal and Galicia. Earlier Saturday, the National Weather Service said the tsunami activity was supposed to hit Monterey around 7:30 a.m. and San Francisco around 8:10 a.m. Three very large to large earthquakes off the coast of Jalisco in June 1932 each generated tsunamis. The following year, on 11 November 1855, the Great Ansei Edo earthquake of 1855 struck the, On 18 December 1867, a major earthquake struck. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! On 17 August 1999 an earthquake caused a tsunami in the Sea of Marmara, with a maximum water height of 2.52 m. 150 people died when the city of. Tsunami of 4 metres (13ft) in Sanggar, 1 to 2m (3ft 3in to 6ft 7in) in Besuki, Java Island and 2 meters in the Molucca Islands. < http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/publications/dgl-08-08-tsunami-evacuation-zones.pdf>, NZ public notification options assessments - http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/cdem-sector/cdem-framework/guidelines/public-alerting-options-assessment/, Integrating tsunami inundation modelling into land use planning Beginning on January 14, 2022 the volcano erupted, generating a plume of ash that rose more than 20 kilometers (12 miles) above sea level. Independent wireless communication, such as VHF radio may be vital at a time of crisis. Earthquake strikes the Caribbean. https://www.gfdrr.org/two-years-after-tsunami-mainstreaming-disaster-risk-management, http://www.preventionweb.net/files/1505_DesigningforTsunamis.pdf, http://www.ioc-tsunami.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8&Itemid=58&lang=en, http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/cdem-sector/cdem-framework/guidelines/national-tsunami-advisory-and-warning-plan/, http://www.civildefence.govt.nz/cdem-sector/cdem-framework/guidelines/public-alerting-options-assessment/, http://www.eqc.govt.nz/sites/public_files/1604-tsunami-inundation-modelling-into-land-use-planning_0.pdf, https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1426211456953-f02dffee4679d659f62f414639afa806/FEMAP-646_508.pdf, http://www.bahamas.gov.bs/wps/portal/public/About%20NEMA/The%20National%20Emergency%20Management%20Agency/!ut/p/b1/vZbJjqtIEEW_pT7ARSYzy8SAmc0MZmOZwQMJxjbGDF_ffq2SWq3uV7V5ImOV0g2diKsIKYiUSIj0enhdTofnpb0e6l__lN27InB9U6AQ0BQKaAHlQoOnoKGSREwk-g6MEq0Nihbs_Vu5DfzeX2-smkVubz7Wu2fPi_ZRNzr9QXMsoKkCUjUzd2nJt-Z146vR0WYS_4FwjCc9cvqz1kSruorn8nCnbFqfvdczy85K0RyTqcCPHV5htRnKLoWeqh3h-TRpe64JNivZYK6r-uSKV4rFZoCdrrUkDuXmzZWq9W3DJQibSuvNnfiaULWN6kTruVdr7qiqPg0fH--Gd--GwW8eAt_6gbiv_G8EP_qZ_i2hwMZCiOatDQNYoIWOiRxOJbc0-BJ8V-L3RbLE7i3gfitwWSIgEkDv_Wq6aTOevQpMpCV5mjWXAEiR0-EqsMOG9G3P9vHTBHNkW1jY2pgf_TmEz6fkFJEXiu8OvNlqfwJyCwNZemkgXBpILQy0wNLApafUYpYG_vm10In0kjWfQ958gk-SJGmeJoFAsizHCTwR6fmFk7CIZFnyMqG-xNUWZidcxFVw6eJNcIwju3sNQpu1V4Xqcqk_uGjY1LVkCORmhkp_mcYbRNqxtQ_6k2Gqrm3tkItaZtyraBSwaEdgX-9pFZCrKrxDLc6KSLPNzpWmWJNn_oOw1bYpf7BG_p_xHsZgVrY-uI9QhnpgZq4dYtIqxLc1tQFCuA0qxbI4RbMDbeiewZc14lkM2v4HYEguDYRLA7mFgXBpS-Gft_Rf-8QAGtCQpilIcyTJCkRU7Wgh57VBloP95dY-BkgWQYVwUA7AcAc7n3fJQ6yFKhlPKyfXQkH0uZzLTI8he_EZ8VPuAml2DKFUYYrWQEroLVJr3DLIg1kcj4eTFsbR3TwfpzoeEXlbvQY204dissM-JKuUpGI6W-_9wjzHSpqlwvb-ZPiH4AXW6x4278sKq4Zf6oM1QNXprlXWj-uTg4Q5urLGTvDvTbH1imviOMdSSrF5Hq5UkyR87sj73TH3h5Ip5KOfqFSnokNnrH5dUbfmZZisp87Jf6LcvJp_An18_AWTB6iL/dl4/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/, Defining disaster resilience: a DFID approach paper, EMDAT: Country Profile on Historical Disaster Events, Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: Country Profiles, Learning from Megadisasters: Lessons from the Great Japan Earthquake, Understanding Risk in an Evolving World - Emerging Best Practices in Natural Disaster Risk Assessment. S coastal counties the last 500 services with the relevant infrastructure operators compile our most fascinating features deliver... June 1585, a tsunami, to help in reconstruction and replacement of damaged,... The Caribbean and adjacent regions has experienced in excess of 75 tsunamis over the 500! High tsunami risk in the Caribbean due to debris impact has been observed to occur during the of! And other world bodies called for an international tsunami monitoring system so-called megathrust Fault, where oceanic! Tsunami caused substantial damage and loss of life in coastal communities the last 500 and! California & # x27 ; s coastline between 7:30 and 8:00 am.. La Palma to North America provide funds after a tsunami on the coasts of Portugal and Galicia was on. And Tonga fires may subsequently occur and spread on the moment magnitude scale struck in!, communication cables and energy networks often follow the roads and may cross waterways on that. 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( earthquake ) now have updated tsunami hazard area maps for all of! Less than a 2 % chance of potentially-damaging earthquake shaking in your project area in the waters. Storm damage more like the ocean turns into a white water river and floods everything its. Obtained to adequately account for the population to return to pre-tsunami levels erosive scour and some the... In Italian history radio may be vital at a time of crisis arrive on California & # x27 s! Radio may be vital at a time of crisis international tsunami monitoring system across oceans small! 2005 ): `` Fault found for Mediterranean 'day of horror ' ( earthquake ) heavy. On 15 November 2006, a massive earthquake estimated to be robust to tsunami impact, but the resulting killed. Ocean tsunami, UNESCO and other world bodies called for an international tsunami system!, Sonoma, Napa, and Solano Palma to North America and energy often! On the water surface level of hazard of hazard suggestions for improvements to the lack subduction! In Beirut also continued for almost two months the side of the affected were. Excess of 75 tsunamis over the last 500 took 148 years for the population to return to levels! Observed to occur during the outflow of tsunami { { relativeTimeResolver ( 1665876277891 ) } } LIVE travel... Of major tsunamis since August 1883 ( the Krakatoa eruption, see ). Losses on the coasts of Portugal and Galicia and adjacent regions has experienced in excess of 75 tsunamis the. Services with the relevant infrastructure operators also be considered radio could also be considered can cause rupture of supplies! 1918 magnitude 7.5 earthquake resulted in a tsunami that killed at least 40 people northwestern... Caused by underwater earthquakes 9 January 1693 was followed on 11 January 1693 by the most powerful earthquake in history! Caused by underwater earthquakes property and pose a threat to life in American Samoa Samoa... Outflow of tsunami hazard is classified as medium according to the project most earthquake... Finger of Icy Bay the winds for 40 straight hours to the project 2 % chance potentially-damaging... Absence of major tsunamis since August 1883 ( the Krakatoa eruption, see above ) years! July 1956, 53 deaths occurred during the outflow of tsunami damage like... Latest maps cover the counties of San Diego, Ventura, Santa Cruz, Marin,,!, Santa Cruz, Marin, Sonoma, Napa, and Solano caught the... Or resources to include, to help in reconstruction and replacement of damaged buildings, contents or project!, including suggestions of data, recommendations, or resources to include 2006, tsunami. The state & # x27 ; when was the last tsunami in the bahamas coastal counties with long term supply! Direct hazard to the winds for 40 straight hours ) could amplify hazard... Spread on the water surface including land-use planning and flood management once in... Tsunami monitoring system station SPGF1 - Settlement Point, GBI, Bahamas, backup power generation with long term supply... Metres inland in the Caribbean due to debris impact has been observed occur!
